AP Biology

Chemistry of Life

• Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding
• Elements of Life
• Introduction to Biological Macromolecules
• Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

Cell Structure and Function

• Cell Size
• Plasma Membranes and Permeability
• Membrane Transport
• Facilitated Diffusion
• Tonicity and Osmoregulation
• Mechanism of Transport
• Cell Compartmentalization

Cellular Energetics

• Enzymes
• Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function
• Cellular Energy
• Photosynthesis
• Cellular
• Respiration
• Fitness

Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

• Signal Transduction
• Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways
• Cell Cycle
• Regulation of Cell Cycle

Heredity

• Meiosis
• Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
• Mendelian Genetics
• Environmental Effects on Phenotype
• Chromosomal Inheritance

Gene Expression and Regulation

• DNA and RNA Structure
• Replication
• Transcription and RNA Processing
• Translation Regulation of Gene Expression
• Gene Expression and Cell Specialization
• Mutations
• Biotechnology

Natural Selection

• Artificial Selection
• Population Genetics
• Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
• Evidence of Evolution
• Phylogeny
• Speciation and Extinction
• Variations in Populations
• Origins of Life

Ecology

• Responses to the Environment
• Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
• Population Ecology
• Effects of Density of Populations
• Community Ecology
• Biodiversity
• Disruption to Ecosystems
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