AP BIOLOGY GRADE - XII

Duration

10 Months

Prerequisites

Biology 1, Chemistry 1 and Algebra 1 recommended

Requirements

  • Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S., Minorsky, P. Orr, R. Campbell Biology in Focus. Third AP Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2020.
  • Household items for lab experiments

Course Summary

This challenging two-semester course engages you in a wide variety of activities. There is substantial emphasis on interpreting and collecting data in virtual labs, writing analytical essays, and mastering biology concepts.

MAJOR TOPICS AND CONCEPTS

Chemistry of Life

  • Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding
  • Elements of Life
  • Introduction to Biological Macromolecules
  • Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

Cell Structure and Function

  • Cell Size
  • Plasma Membranes and Permeability
  • Membrane Transport
  • Facilitated Diffusion
  • Tonicity and Osmoregulation
  • Mechanism of Transport
  • Cell Compartmentalization

Cellular Energetics

  • Enzymes
  • Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function
  • Cellular Energy
  • Photosynthesis
  • Cellular
  • Respiration
  • Fitness

Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

  • Signal Transduction
  • Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways
  • Cell Cycle
  • Regulation of Cell Cycle

Heredity

  • Meiosis
  • Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
  • Mendelian Genetics
  • Environmental Effects on Phenotype
  • Chromosomal Inheritance

Gene Expression and Regulation

  • DNA and RNA Structure
  • Replication
  • Transcription and RNA Processing
  • Translation Regulation of Gene Expression
  • Gene Expression and Cell Specialization
  • Mutations
  • Biotechnology

Natural Selection

  • Artificial Selection
  • Population Genetics
  • Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
  • Evidence of Evolution
  • Phylogeny
  • Speciation and Extinction
  • Variations in Populations
  • Origins of Life

Ecology

  • Responses to the Environment
  • Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
  • Population Ecology
  • Effects of Density of Populations
  • Community Ecology
  • Biodiversity
  • Disruption to Ecosystems

How AP BIOLOGY GRADE - XII supports student success

In AP BIOLOGY GRADE - XII, students build subject knowledge through structured online lessons, guided practice, and regular feedback from qualified teachers. The course supports flexible study while maintaining clear academic expectations and steady progress.

Students can revisit learning materials, complete assignments at a manageable pace, and use teacher guidance to strengthen understanding. Families can follow progress while learners develop organization, independent study habits, and confidence.

  • Clear learning goals connect each lesson to the wider course.
  • Activities and assignments help students apply important concepts.
  • Assessments and teacher feedback identify strengths and next steps.
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